Methods and apparatus for uplink and downlink inter-cell interference coordination

ABSTRACT

A method for inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) by a home evolved NodeB (HeNB) is described. A portion of bandwidth is reserved for a user equipment (UE). Notification of the reserved portion of bandwidth is sent to at least one potentially interfering evolved NodeB (eNB). A data exchange is performed with the UE using the reserved portion of bandwidth. Notification is sent to the potentially interfering eNBs releasing the reserved portion of bandwidth.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY UNDER 35 U.S.C. §119

This application for patent claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 61/045,549, filed on Apr. 16, 2008, and entitled“INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT FOR FEMTO CELLS.” The present Application isalso a continuation application of, and claims priority to U.S.application Ser. No. 12/423,498, filed Apr. 14, 2009, “METHODS ANDAPPARATUS FOR UPLINK AND DOWNLINK INTER-CELL INTERFERENCE COORDINATION,”all assigned to the assignee hereof, the disclosures of which are herebyexpressly incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communicationsystems. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to methodsand apparatus for uplink and downlink inter-cell interferencecoordination.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems have become an important means by whichmany people worldwide have come to communicate. A wireless communicationsystem may provide communication for a number of mobile stations, eachof which may be serviced by a base station.

As the number of mobile stations deployed increases, the need for properbandwidth utilization becomes more important. Furthermore, theintroduction of semi-autonomous base stations may create interferencewith existing base stations. Inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC)may provide for the reduction or elimination of interference due to theintroduction of semi-autonomous base stations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system with multiple userequipments (UEs), a home evolved nodeB (HeNB), an evolved nodeB (eNB), arelay node, and a core network;

FIG. 2 is a wireless communication system with a macro-eNB and multipleHeNBs;

FIG. 3 illustrates transmission schemes between a UE and two or moreeNBs for uplink ICIC;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of uplink ICIC by anHeNB;

FIG. 4A illustrates means-plus-function blocks corresponding to themethod of FIG. 4;

FIG. 5 illustrates transmission schemes between a UE, a mobilitymanagement entity (MME) and two or more eNBs for downlink ICIC;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for downlink ICIC by anHeNB;

FIG. 6A illustrates means-plus-function blocks corresponding to themethod of FIG. 6;

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for downlink ICIC by aUE;

FIG. 7A illustrates means-plus-function blocks corresponding to themethod of FIG. 7;

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating another method for downlink ICICby a UE;

FIG. 8A illustrates means-plus-function blocks corresponding to themethod of FIG. 8;

FIG. 9 illustrates transmission schemes between a UE, a restricted HeNBand one or more unrestricted eNBs for downlink ICIC;

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for downlink ICIC by aneNB;

FIG. 10A illustrates means-plus-function blocks corresponding to themethod of FIG. 10;

FIG. 11 illustrates transmission schemes between a UE, an HeNB and oneor more unrestricted eNBs for downlink ICIC;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the various components of a UEfor use in the present methods and apparatus;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating the various components of an eNBfor use in the present methods and apparatus;

FIG. 14 illustrates certain components that may be included within a UE;and

FIG. 15 illustrates certain components that may be included within aneNB.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A method for inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) by a homeevolved NodeB (HeNB) is disclosed. A portion of bandwidth is reservedfor a user equipment (UE). Notification of the reserved portion ofbandwidth is sent to at least one potentially interfering evolved NodeB(eNB). A data exchange is performed with the UE using the reservedportion of bandwidth. Notification is sent to the at least onepotentially interfering eNB releasing the reserved portion of bandwidth.

The notification releasing the reserved portion of bandwidth may be sentwhen the data exchange with the UE has stopped or when the UE entersidle mode.

The at least one potentially interfering eNB may be identified through aself organizing network (SON) server. The HeNB may communicate with theat least one potentially interfering eNB through a backhaul connectionand/or an X2 link. The at least one potentially interfering eNB may beanother HeNB.

A method for downlink inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) by ahome evolved NodeB (HeNB) is also disclosed. A data exchange isperformed with a user equipment (UE). A measurement report is received.A transmit power is reduced with a first slew rate. The transmit poweris increased with a second slew rate.

A timer may be started. It may be determined whether the timer haselapsed, and the transmit power may be increased with the second slewrate when the timer has elapsed.

The HeNB may be a restricted HeNB. The UE may not belong to a closedsubscriber group (CSG) for the HeNB.

The measurement report may be received from the UE. In anotherconfiguration, the measurement report may be received from an evolvedNodeB (eNB). The eNB may be a potentially interfering eNB or apotentially interfering HeNB.

A method for downlink inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) by auser equipment (UE) is disclosed. A received signal strength is measuredfor a home evolved NodeB (HeNB). A measurement report is prepared. Themeasurement report includes the received signal strength for the HeNB.The measurement report is sent to a first evolved NodeB (eNB).

The first eNB may be the HeNB. A reselection to the HeNB may beperformed. Access procedures may be performed with the HeNB for a firsttime. A mobility management entity (MME) may be registered with. A pagemay be received from the MME. Access procedures may be performed withthe HeNB for a second time. The UE may perform access procedures withthe HeNB for the second time before sending the measurement report tothe HeNB. Performing a reselection to the HeNB may occur becausedownlink signals from the HeNB are interfering with downlink signalsfrom a second eNB.

A home evolved NodeB (HeNB) configured for inter-cell interferencecoordination (ICIC) is also disclosed. The HeNB includes a processor andmemory in electronic communication with the processor. Executableinstructions are stored in the memory. A portion of bandwidth isreserved for a user equipment (UE). Notification of the reserved portionof bandwidth is sent to at least one potentially interfering evolvedNodeB (eNB). A data exchange is performed with the UE using the reservedportion of bandwidth. Notification is sent to the potentiallyinterfering eNBs releasing the reserved portion of bandwidth.

A home evolved NodeB (HeNB) configured for downlink inter-cellinterference coordination (ICIC) is further disclosed. The HeNB includesa processor and memory in electronic communication with the processor.Executable instructions are stored in the memory. A data exchange isperformed with a user equipment (UE). A measurement report is received.A transmit power is reduced with a first slew rate. The transmit poweris increased with a second slew rate.

A user equipment (UE) configured for downlink inter-cell interferencecoordination (ICIC) is also disclosed. The UE includes a processor andmemory in electronic communication with the processor. Executableinstructions are stored in the memory. A received signal strength ismeasured for a home evolved NodeB (HeNB). A measurement report isprepared. The measurement report includes the received signal strengthfor the HeNB. The measurement report is sent to a first evolved NodeB(eNB).

An apparatus for inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) is alsodisclosed. The apparatus includes means for reserving a portion ofbandwidth for a user equipment (UE). The apparatus includes means forsending notification of the reserved portion of bandwidth to at leastone potentially interfering evolved NodeB (eNB). The apparatus alsoincludes means for performing a data exchange with the UE using thereserved portion of bandwidth. The apparatus further includes means forsending notification to the at least one potentially interfering eNBreleasing the reserved portion of bandwidth.

An apparatus for downlink inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) isdisclosed. The apparatus includes means for performing a data exchangewith a user equipment (UE). The apparatus includes means for receiving ameasurement report. The apparatus also includes means for reducing atransmit power with a first slew rate and means for increasing thetransmit power with a second slew rate.

Another apparatus for downlink inter-cell interference coordination(ICIC) is disclosed. The apparatus includes means for measuring areceived signal strength for a home evolved NodeB (HeNB). The apparatusincludes means for preparing a measurement report. The measurementreport includes the received signal strength for the HeNB. The apparatusalso includes means for sending the measurement report to a firstevolved NodeB (eNB).

A computer-program product for a wireless device configured forinter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) is disclosed. Thecomputer-program product includes a computer-readable medium havinginstructions thereon. The instructions include code for reserving aportion of bandwidth for a user equipment (UE). The instructions includecode for sending notification of the reserved portion of bandwidth to atleast one potentially interfering evolved NodeB (eNB). The instructionsinclude code for performing a data exchange with the UE using thereserved portion of bandwidth. The instructions include code for sendingnotification to the at least one potentially interfering eNB releasingthe reserved portion of bandwidth.

Another computer-program product for a wireless device configured fordownlink inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) is disclosed. Thecomputer-program product includes a computer-readable medium havinginstructions thereon. The instructions include code for performing adata exchange with a user equipment (UE). The instructions include codefor receiving a measurement report. The instructions also include codefor reducing a transmit power with a first slew rate and code forincreasing the transmit power with a second slew rate.

Additionally, another computer-program product for a wireless deviceconfigured for downlink inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) isdisclosed. The computer-program product includes a computer-readablemedium having instructions thereon. The instructions include code formeasuring a received signal strength for a home evolved NodeB (HeNB).The instructions include code for preparing a measurement report. Themeasurement report includes the received signal strength for the HeNB.The instructions include code for sending the measurement report to afirst evolved NodeB (eNB).

The 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaborationbetween groups of telecommunications associations that aims to define aglobally applicable third generation (3G) mobile phone specification.3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 3GPP project aimed at improving theUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile phone standard.The 3GPP may define specifications for the next generation of mobilenetworks, mobile systems, and mobile devices.

In 3GPP LTE, a mobile station or device may be referred to as a “userequipment” (UE). A base station may be referred to as an evolved NodeB(eNB). A semi-autonomous base station may be referred to as a home eNB(HeNB). An HeNB may thus be one example of an eNB. The HeNB and/or thecoverage area of an HeNB may be referred to as a femtocell, an HeNB cellor a closed subscriber group (CSG) cell.

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system 100 with multiple userequipments (UEs) 104, a home evolved NodeB (HeNB) 110, an evolved NodeB(eNB) 102, a relay node 106, and a core network 108. The eNB 102 may bethe central base station in a wireless communication system. A UE 104may also be called, and may contain some or all of the functionality of,a terminal, a mobile station, an access terminal, a subscriber unit, astation, etc. A UE 104 may be a cellular phone, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a wireless device, a wireless modem, a handheld device,a laptop computer, etc.

The core network 108 may be the central piece of a telecommunicationsnetwork. For example, the core network 108 may facilitate communicationswith the Internet, other UEs, etc. A UE 104 may communicate with thecore network 108 through an eNB 102 or an HeNB 110. Multiple UEs 104 maybe in wireless communication with an eNB 102 or an HeNB 110.

The term “eNB” may be used to refer to the eNB 102 or to the HeNB 110,because the HeNB 110 may be considered to be one type of eNB. The eNB102 may be referred to as a macro-eNB 102.

A macro-eNB 102 may have a much larger range than an HeNB 110.Furthermore, a macro-eNB 102 may provide unrestricted access to UEs 104a subscribing to the core network 108. In contrast, an HeNB 110 mayprovide restricted access to UEs 104 b belonging to a closed subscribergroup (CSG). It may be assumed that a UE 104 may only communicate with asingle eNB at a given time. Thus, a UE 104 b communicating with an HeNB110 may not simultaneously communicate with a macro-eNB 102.

The coverage area of an eNB may be referred to as a cell. Depending onsectoring, one or more cells may be served by the eNB. The coverage areaof a macro-eNB 102 may be referred to as a macro-cell 112 or an eNBcell. Likewise, the coverage area of an HeNB 110 may be referred to asan HeNB-cell 114 or a femtocell.

Multiple eNBs may have a backhaul connection with each other through thecore network 108. For example, a backhaul connection may exist betweenthe HeNB 110 and the eNB 102. In a backhaul connection, an eNB 102 maycommunicate 126 with the core network 108 and the core network 108 maycorrespondingly communicate 128 with the HeNB 110. A direct connectionmay also exist between multiple eNBs. For example, a direct connectionmay exist between the HeNB 110 and the eNB 102. The direct connectionmay be an X2 connection 120. Details about an X2 interface may be foundin 3GPP TS 36.423×2-AP. Multiple eNBs may also have a connection 122,124 through use of a relay node 106. In one configuration, the relaynode 106 may be the core network 108.

The coverage range for a macro-cell 112 may be much larger than thecoverage range for an HeNB-cell 114. In one configuration, the coveragerange for a macro-cell 112 may include the entire coverage range for anHeNB-cell 114.

A UE 104 may communicate with a base station (e.g., the eNB 102 or theHeNB 110) via transmissions on the uplink 116 and the downlink 118. Theuplink 116 (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from theUE 104 to a base station, and the downlink 118 (or forward link) refersto the communication link from the base station to the UE 104. Thus, aUE 104 a may communicate with the eNB 102 via the uplink 116 a anddownlink 118 a. Likewise, a UE 104 b may communicate with the HeNB 110via the uplink 116 b and downlink 118 b.

The resources of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., bandwidthand transmit power) may be shared among multiple UEs 104. A variety ofmultiple access techniques are known, including code division multipleaccess (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency divisionmultiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA), single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA),and so forth.

A UE 104 a in wireless communication with a macro-cell 112 may bereferred to as a macro-UE 104 a. A UE 104 b in wireless communicationwith an HeNB-cell 114 may be referred to as an HeNB-UE 104 b. One ormore macro-UEs 104 a located within an HeNB-cell 114 may jam theHeNB-cell 114. For example, a macro-UE 104 a located within an HeNB-cell114 may cause interference for communications between an HeNB-UE 104 band the HeNB 110. Likewise, a macro-UE 104 a within the HeNB-cell 114may not have macro-cell 112 coverage due to interference. Both uplinkinterference 130 and downlink interference 132 may occur.

If there are no UEs 104 in the CSG cell (HeNB cell 114), there may be nointerference issues. In order to allow a successful initial access by aUE 104 to the CSG cell, the CSG cell may dynamically bias the open looppower control algorithm to balance the effect of high interference. CSGcells may also add noise to balance the uplink 116 and the downlink 118.

Inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) may be used to prevent theuplink interference 130 and/or the downlink interference 132. FrequencyICIC may be feasible for both synchronous and asynchronous deployments.Time ICIC may be feasible in synchronized deployments. However,asynchronous deployments may require UE 104 feedback. Antenna techniquessuch as nulling interference from macro-cell UEs 104 a may be used tocontrol uplink inter-cell interference 130.

FIG. 2 is a wireless communication system 200 with a macro-eNB 202 andmultiple HeNBs 210. The wireless communication system 200 may include anHeNB gateway 234 for scalability reasons. The macro-eNB 202 and the HeNBgateway 234 may each communicate with a pool 240 of mobility managemententities (MME) 242 and a pool 244 of serving gateways (SGW) 246. TheHeNB gateway 234 may appear as a C-plane and a U-plane relay fordedicated S1 connections 236. An S1 connection 236 may be a logicalinterface specified as the boundary between an evolved packet core (EPC)and an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (EUTRAN). The HeNBgateway 234 may act as a macro-eNB 202 from an EPC point of view. TheC-plane interface may be S1-MME and the U-plane interface may be S1-U.

The HeNB gateway 234 may act towards an HeNB 210 as a single EPC node.The HeNB gateway 234 may ensure S1-flex connectivity for an HeNB 210.The HeNB gateway 234 may provide a 1:n relay functionality such that asingle HeNB 210 may communicate with n MMEs 242. The HeNB gateway 234registers towards the pool 240 of MMEs 242 when put into operation viathe S1 setup procedure. The HeNB gateway 234 may support setup of S1interfaces 236 with the HeNBs 210.

The wireless communication system 200 may also include a self organizingnetwork (SON) server 238. The SON server 238 may provide automatedoptimization of a 3GPP LTE network. The SON server 238 may be a keydriver for improving operation and maintenance (O&M) to the wirelesscommunication system 200. An X2 link 220 may exist between the macro-eNB202 and the HeNB gateway 234. X2 links 220 may also exist between eachof the HeNBs 210 connected to a common HeNB gateway 234. The X2 links220 may be set up based on input from the SON server 238. An X2 link 220may convey ICIC information. If an X2 link 220 cannot be established,the S1 link 236 may be used to convey ICIC information.

FIG. 3 illustrates transmission schemes 300 between a UE 304 and two ormore eNBs for uplink ICIC. One of the eNBs may be an HeNB 310. The HeNB310 may provide unrestricted access to the core network 108 for UEs 304.The UE 304 and the HeNB 310 may perform 301 access procedures betweeneach other. Access procedures comprise an exchange of messages betweenthe UE 304 and an eNB or an HeNB 310. The HeNB 310 may then identify 303one or more interfering eNBs 302 through SON and/or O&M. The one or moreinterfering eNBs 302 may be HeNBs and/or macro-eNBs. An interfering eNB302 may be a nearby eNB whose communications with a UE interfere withcommunications between the HeNB 310 and the UE 304. The one or moreinterfering eNBs 302 may be stored on the HeNB 310 in a neighboring celllist. The neighboring cell list is discussed in more detail below inrelation to FIG. 13.

The HeNB 310 may determine load information for the UE 304. Loadinformation may include overload and/or protected bands for the UE 304.For example the HeNB 310 may determine particular frequency resourcesfor the UE 304 to use in uplink communications 116 b with the HeNB 310.The HeNB 310 may instruct the UE 304 to send uplink transmissions 116 bover the particular frequency resources. In one configuration, the HeNB310 may use a different frequency band than the interfering eNBs 302.For example, the HeNB 310 and interfering eNBs 302 may each usefractional frequency reuse (FFR). In FFR, the HeNB 310 and interferingeNBs 302 use the same frequency band along with the same low powersub-channels but each uses only a fraction of the high powersub-channels. Bandwidth partitioning may be accomplished through the SONserver 238. The FFR may be managed dynamically. Dynamic FFR may beimportant for the early deployment of CSG cells. A relatively smallnumber of CSG cells may not warrant static FFR or a separate carrier.FFR may also be coupled with hopping.

The HeNB 310 may use a High Interference Indicator (HII) to reserve theparticular frequency resources. The HII may identify frequency resourcesthat are sensitive to high interference levels. For example, the HeNB310 may reserve the load information by sending the load information tothe one or more interfering eNBs 302. Alternatively, the loadinformation may be sent to potentially interfering eNBs. In oneconfiguration, a macro-eNB 302 may use HII to reserve part of thebandwidth for macro-UEs. The macro-eNB 302 may send the reservedbandwidth information to CSG cells within the coverage range of themacro-eNB 302. HII is based on operators policy. In HII, a commonbandwidth is used for all CSG cells. It may be impractical for themacro-eNB 302 to reserve resources, due to the potentially large numberof HeNBs within a single macro-cell. Interference management may besimpler if all the control channels on a CSG cell are mapped to thePhysical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and protected with ICIC.

Each macro-UE may know which CSG-cells it interferes with. However, asthe number of CSG-cells increases within a wireless communicationnetwork, it may become much more likely that many macro-UEs interferewith at least one CSG-cell. An HeNB 310 may scan for all soundingreference signals (SRSs) and report any received signal to neighboringmacro-cells.

In one configuration, the HeNB 310 may send 303 the load information toa relay node 306. The relay node 306 may then send 307 the loadinformation to the one or more interfering eNBs 302. If an X2 interface220 exists between the HeNB 310 and the one or more interfering eNBs302, the load information may be sent directly to the interfering eNBs302 through the X2 interface 220.

A data exchange 309 between the UE 304 and the HeNB 310 may then occur.The data exchange 309 may involve the UE 304 sending uplinktransmissions 116 b to the HeNB 310 using the reserved resources. TheHeNB 310 may then send 311 an RRC_Connection release to the UE 304. AnRRC_Connection release may release the UE 304 from the data exchange 309with the HeNB 310 using the reserved resources. After the HeNB 310 hassent 311 an RRC_Connection release to the UE 304, the HeNB 310 may sendload information to the interfering eNBs 302 releasing the reservedresources. In one configuration, the HeNB 310 may send 313 the loadinformation to a relay node 306 and the relay node 306 may send 315 theload information to the interfering eNBs 302.

The HeNB 310 may also send the load information releasing the reservedresources to the interfering eNBs 302 when the UE 304 has been inactivefor a sufficient period of time. For example, the HeNB 310 may send theload information releasing the reserved resources if the HeNB 310 hasnot received an uplink transmission 116 b from the UE 304 for a certainamount of time. As another example, the HeNB 310 may send the loadinformation releasing the reserved resources if the UE 304 has indicateda switch from RRC_Connected mode to RRC_Idle mode.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 400 of uplink ICIC by anHeNB 110. The HeNB 110 may perform 402 access procedures to allow a UE104 b access. The HeNB 110 may then reserve 404 a portion of theavailable bandwidth for UE 104 b data exchange. Specifically, the HeNB110 may reserve 404 a portion of the available bandwidth for the UE 104b to use for uplink data transmissions 116 b.

The HeNB 110 may send 406 a notification of the UE 104 b in connectedmode and the reserved portion of the bandwidth to potentiallyinterfering eNBs. The potentially interfering eNBs may include HeNBsand/or macro-eNBs. The HeNB 110 may then perform 408 a data exchangewith the UE 104 b. When the data exchange has stopped 410, the HeNB 110may send 412 a notification of the released portion of bandwidth to thepotentially interfering eNBs.

The method 400 of FIG. 4 described above may be performed by varioushardware and/or software component(s) and/or module(s) corresponding tothe means-plus-function blocks 400A illustrated in FIG. 4A. In otherwords, blocks 402 through 412 illustrated in FIG. 4 correspond tomeans-plus-function blocks 402A through 412A illustrated in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5 illustrates transmission schemes 500 between a UE 504, a mobilitymanagement entity (MME) 542 and two or more eNBs for downlink ICIC. TheUE 504 may be a macro-UE. For example, the UE 504 may be communicatingwith a macro-cell 112. One of the eNBs may be an HeNB 510. The HeNB 510may be a restricted HeNB. For example, the HeNB 510 may only allow dataexchange with UEs 504 that are part of the CSG of the HeNB 510. The UE504 may communicate with an eNB 502. The UE 504 may not be part of theCSG of the HeNB 510. The UE 504 may perform 501 a reselection to therestricted HeNB 510 even though the restricted HeNB 510 may not allowdata exchange for the UE 504. For example, if the link between the UE504 and the macro-cell 112 fails, the UE 504 may access an interferingHeNB 510 even if the HeNB 510 is restricted, so that the UE 504 may sendmeasurement reports. Alternatively, in order to prevent failure, themacro-eNB 502 may request gaps to power control CSG-cells if thereference signal received power (RSRP) corresponding to the HeNBs 510for these cells exceeds a maximum threshold. A gap may be a period oftime where the UE 504 is not required to monitor the serving cell.

The UE 504 and HeNB 510 may perform 503 access procedures. The UE 504may then register 505 with the CSG-cell by registering with the MME 542.The UE 504 may then have a new tracking area. Mobility based cellreselection parameters may scale as the UE 504 moves through dense CSGcell environments.

The MME 542 may page 507 the UE 504. For UE 504 terminated calls, the UE504 may be paged 507 on the last register CSG-cell and the macro networktracking area. When the UE 504 is in the RRC_Idle state, the UE 504 mayregister with the MME 542 so that in the case of a UE 504 terminatedcall, the network (MME 542) may locate the UE 504 and send a page. A UE504 may perform one registration per tracking area. The UE 504 may beable to register with a CSG cell (the CSG cell also makes up a trackingarea) even though that CSG cell may not serve data traffic to the UE504. After the UE 504 registers with the CSG cell, it 504 may be pagedon a CSG cell, and after the UE 504 receives this page, the UE 504 mayaccess the CSG cell and power it down so that the UE 504 may communicatewith the macro network. If the UE 504 is not allowed to access the CSGcell, it may not be able to power it down and hence a macro UE would bein outage.

The UE 504 and HeNB 510 may again perform 509 access procedures. The UE504 may then send 511 a measurement report to the HeNB 510. Uponreceiving the measurement report, the HeNB 510 may adjust 513 thetransmit power according to the measurement report. For example, theHeNB 510 may reduce the HeNB 510 transmit power for a time period.

The UE 504 and an HeNB or macro-eNB 502 may then perform 515 accessprocedures. For both UE 504 originated calls and UE 504 terminatedcalls, the UE 504 may access the macro-eNB 502 when radio conditions aresufficient for doing so. For example, the interfering HeNB 510 mayadjust 513 the transmit power such that the radio conditions aresufficient for the UE 504 to access the macro-cell 112. Upon completionof the access procedures, a data exchange 517 between the UE 504 and theHeNB or macro-eNB 502 may occur.

In case of partial co-channel deployment, rules may be needed for howthe UE 504 takes into account measurements on the reference signal (RS)in resource blocks (RBs) where the HeNB 510 is transmitting. Forexample, if the UE 504 detects an HeNB cell 114 partially overlapping amacro-cell 112, measurement gaps may be required. For overlapping RBs,the UE 504 may discount (i.e. assume there is no signal) RSmeasurements. The UE 504 may effectively report lower channel qualityindicators (CQIs) in order to ensure that the eNB 102 properly controlsthe power of the Packet Data Control Channel (PDCCH). The UE 504 may beable to receive the CQI in case an HeNB 510 is causing interference onthose RBs.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 600 for downlink ICIC byan HeNB 110. The HeNB 110 may perform 602 a data exchange with a UE 104b. The HeNB 110 may then receive 604 a measurement report. The HeNB 110may receive 604 the measurement report from the UE 104 b. Alternatively,the HeNB 110 may receive 604 the measurement report from another UE 104.Alternatively still, the HeNB 110 may receive 604 the measurement reportfrom a macro-eNB 102 or another HeNB. The HeNB 110 may receive 604 themeasurement report from a macro-eNB 102 via backhaul signaling.

The HeNB 110 may reduce 606 the transmit power with a first slew rate.The HeNB 110 may be required to reduce 606 the transmit power such thatthe reference signal received power (RSRP) received from the HeNB 110 bythe UE 104 b is below a maximum threshold if the macro-cell 112 RSRP isbelow a minimum threshold and the macro-cell reference signal receivedquality (RSRQ) is below a minimum threshold. The HeNB 110 may reduce 606the transmit power to meet the maximum RSRP threshold using a first slewrate. The first slew rate may be in decibels (dB)/millisecond (ms). Forexample, the first slew rate may be 1 dB/ms. Generally, the power may bereduced until the macro UE can have good channel.

The HeNB 110 may then start 608 a timer. When the timer elapses 610, theHeNB 110 may increase 612 the transmit power with a second slew rate.The second slew rate may also be in dB/ms. The HeNB 110 may beprovisioned to not transmit more power than the maximum RSRQ afteraccounting for minimum coupling loss. This may require a receiverfunctionally at the HeNB 110. In order to estimate the received qualityin the vicinity of the HeNB 110, the HeNB 110 may estimate the receivedsignal (from other cells that make up interference for the home UE) andcompute the RSRQ after it accounts for its transmit power and minimumcoupling loss.

The method 600 of FIG. 6 described above may be performed by varioushardware and/or software component(s) and/or module(s) corresponding tothe means-plus-function blocks 600A illustrated in FIG. 6A. In otherwords, blocks 602 through 612 illustrated in FIG. 6 correspond tomeans-plus-function blocks 602A through 612A illustrated in FIG. 6A.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 700 for downlink ICIC bya UE 104 b. The UE 104 b may perform 702 data exchange with an eNB. Inone configuration, the eNB may be a macro-eNB 102. Alternatively, theeNB may be an HeNB 110. The UE 104 b may then measure 704 the receivedsignal strength from an HeNB 110. The UE 104 b may measure 704 thereceived signal strength using a physical layer procedure. The UE 104 bmay detect the synchronization signal from the eNB, and then it mayperform a signal strength measurement. The UE 104 b may prepare thereceived signal strength into a measurement report. The UE 104 b maythen send 706 the measurement report to an eNB. The eNB may be the eNBthat the UE 104 b performed data exchange with. Alternatively, the eNBmay be a different eNB. In one configuration, the UE 104 b may send 706the measurement report to an HeNB 110.

The method 700 of FIG. 7 described above may be performed by varioushardware and/or software component(s) and/or module(s) corresponding tothe means-plus-function blocks 700A illustrated in FIG. 7A. In otherwords, blocks 702 through 706 illustrated in FIG. 7 correspond tomeans-plus-function blocks 702A through 706A illustrated in FIG. 7A.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating another method 800 for downlinkICIC by a UE 104 b. The UE 104 b may perform 802 a reselection to arestricted HeNB 110 from an unrestricted eNB 102. A UE 104 b may beallowed to access a restricted HeNB 110 if the macro-cell 112 is notsuitable and there are no other frequencies available. A UE 104 b mayalso be allowed to access a restricted HeNB 110 if the connection with amacro-cell 112 fails and there are no other frequencies available. TheUE 104 b may then register 804 with an MME 242. The UE 104 b may receive806 a page from the MME 242.

The UE 104 b may then measure 808 the received signal strength of therestricted HeNB 110. The UE 104 b may also measure 810 the receivedsignal strength of other eNBs 102 that the UE 104 b can detect. The UE104 b may prepare a measurement report that includes the received signalstrength of the restricted HeNB 110. The measurement report may alsoinclude the received signal strengths of any other eNBs 102 that the UE104 b could detect.

The UE 104 b may again access 812 the restricted HeNB 110. The UE 104 bmay then send 814 the measurement report to the restricted HeNB 110. TheUE 104 b may next access 816 the unrestricted eNB 102. The UE 104 b mayaccess 816 the unrestricted eNB 102 when radio conditions aresufficient. The UE 104 b may then perform 818 a data exchange with theunrestricted eNB 102.

The method 800 of FIG. 8 described above may be performed by varioushardware and/or software component(s) and/or module(s) corresponding tothe means-plus-function blocks 800A illustrated in FIG. 8A. In otherwords, blocks 802 through 818 illustrated in FIG. 8 correspond tomeans-plus-function blocks 802A through 818A illustrated in FIG. 8A.

FIG. 9 illustrates transmission schemes 900 between a UE 904, arestricted HeNB 910 and one or more unrestricted eNBs 902 for downlinkICIC. A data exchange 901 may occur between the UE 904 and anunrestricted eNB 902. The UE 904 may then send 903 a measurement reportcorresponding to the HeNB 910 to the unrestricted eNB 902. Theunrestricted eNB 902 may send 905 the measurement report correspondingto the HeNB 910 to a relay node 906. The relay node 906 may then send907 the measurement report corresponding to the restricted HeNB 910 tothe restricted HeNB 910.

Upon receiving the measurement report, the restricted HeNB 910 mayadjust 909 the transmit power. For example, the restricted HeNB 910 mayreduce the transmit power by a reduction slew rate. The HeNB 910 may berequired to adjust 909 the transmit power according to the receivedmeasurement report. For example, the HeNB 910 may be required to performdownlink power control. The downlink power control may be facilitatedthrough backhaul signaling such as through an S1 236. A data exchange911 may then occur between the UE 904 and the unrestricted eNB 902.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1000 for downlink ICICby an eNB. The eNB may be a macro-eNB 102. Alternatively, the eNB may bean HeNB 110. The eNB may be an unrestricted eNB. The eNB may perform1002 a data exchange with a UE 104. The eNB may receive 1004 themeasured signal strength for a restricted HeNB 110 from the UE 104. TheeNB may next determine 1006 the restricted HeNB 110 transmits power suchthat the eNB RSRP and RSRQ are above minimum thresholds. The eNB maythen send 1008 the determined power control requirements to therestricted HeNB 110.

The method 1000 of FIG. 10 described above may be performed by varioushardware and/or software component(s) and/or module(s) corresponding tothe means-plus-function blocks 1000A illustrated in FIG. 10A. In otherwords, blocks 1002 through 1008 illustrated in FIG. 10 correspond tomeans-plus-function blocks 1002A through 1008A illustrated in FIG. 10A.

FIG. 11 illustrates transmission schemes 1100 between a UE 1104, an HeNB1110 and one or more unrestricted eNBs 1102 for downlink ICIC. A dataexchange 1101 may occur between the UE 1104 and the HeNB 1110. The HeNB1110 may then reserve portions of the frequency band for downlinktransmission between the HeNB 1110 and the UE 1104. The HeNB 1110 maythen send 1103 load information such as the reserved portions of thefrequency band to a relay node 1106. The load information may includeprotected subbands. The relay node 1106 may send 1105 the loadinformation to the one or more unrestricted eNBs 1102. The one or moreunrestricted eNBs 1102 may adjust 1107 scheduling according to thereceived load information. For example, the one or more unrestrictedeNBs 1102 may adjust 1107 downlink scheduling to avoid inter-cellinterference with the HeNB 1110. A data exchange 1109 may then occurbetween the UE 1104 and the HeNB 1110.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the various components of a UE1204 for use in the present methods and apparatus. The UE 1204 mayinclude a measurement report 1248. The measurement report 1248 mayinclude a restricted HeNB received signal strength 1252. The measurementreport 1248 may also include one or more unrestricted eNB receivedsignal strengths 1250. The UE 1204 may prepare the measurement report1248 to be sent to an HeNB 110 and/or an eNB 102. The UE 1204 may alsoinclude the reserved resources 1274 for communication with an HeNB 110.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating the various components of an eNB1302 for use in the present methods and apparatus. The eNB 1302 may be arestricted HeNB 110, an unrestricted HeNB 110, or a macro-eNB 102. TheeNB 1302 may include a received measurement report 1354. The eNB 1302may receive the measurement report 1354 from a UE 104. The receivedmeasurement report 1354 may include power measurements and/or powercontrol for the eNB 1302. Alternatively, the received measurement report1354 may include power measurements and/or power control for an HeNB 110which the eNB 1302 will forward the measurement report to.

The eNB 1302 may also include a neighboring cell list generation module1356. The neighboring cell list generation module 1356 may generate aneighboring cell list 1358. The neighboring cell list 1358 may include alist of one or more interfering eNBs 102. As discussed above, aninterfering eNB may be a nearby eNB whose communications with a UE 104interfere with communications between the eNB 1302 and a UE 104. Theneighboring cell list 1358 may also include a list of one or morepotentially interfering eNBs 102.

The neighboring cell list generation module 1356 may generate theneighboring cell list 1358. The neighboring cell list generation module1356 may generate the neighboring cell list 1358 based on CSG eNBmeasurements. CSG eNB measurements may be measurements by the HeNB ofthe received signal strength from eNBs. The neighboring cell listgeneration module 1356 may also generate the neighboring cell list 1358based on UE 104 measurements. The UE 104 measurements may include SONfunctionality.

The eNB 1302 may also include load information 1366. The loadinformation 1366 may include overload and/or protected bands for the eNB1302 and/or a UE 104. For example, the load information 1366 may includereserved portions of the bandwidth for uplink and/or downlinkcommunications with a UE 104. The eNB 1302 may include the transmitpower 1370 for the eNB 1302. The transmit power 1370 may be the transmitpower 1370 that the eNB 1302 uses when sending transmissions to a UE 104over the downlink.

The eNB 1302 may include a power reduction module 1362. The powerreduction module 1362 may determine when to reduce or increase thetransmit power 1370. The power reduction module 1362 may also determinethe rate and amount of change to the transmit power 1370. The powerreduction module 1362 may include a timer 1364 a. The power reductionmodule 1362 may use the timer 1364 a to determine how long the transmitpower 1370 should remain at a reduced level.

The power reduction module 1362 may also include a transmit powerreduction slew rate 1366. The transmit power reduction slew rate 1366may define the rate of reduction of the transmit power 1370 for the eNB1302 when the transmit power 1370 of the eNB 1302 needs to be reduced.The transmit power reduction slew rate 1366 may be in dB/ms. The powerreduction module 1362 may also include a transmit power increase slewrate 1368. The transmit power increase slew rate 1368 may define therate at which the transmit power 1370 is increased after the timer 1364a has expired. The transmit power increase slew rate 1368 may also be indB/ms.

The eNB 1302 may include a resource reservation module 1372. Theresource reservation module 1372 may schedule resources forcommunications with a UE 104. For example, the resource reservationmodule 1372 may include a list of the reserved resources 1374 forcommunications with a UE 104. The resource reservation module 1372 mayalso include a timer 1364 b. The resource reservation module 1372 mayrelease reserved resources 1374 if the timer 1364 b has elapsed beforecommunications have been received from a UE 104.

FIG. 14 illustrates certain components that may be included within a UE1404. The UE 1404 may be a mobile device/station. Examples of mobilestations include cellular phones, handheld wireless devices, wirelessmodems, laptop computers, personal computers, etc. A mobile station mayalternatively be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile terminal, asubscriber station, a remote station, a user terminal, a terminal, asubscriber unit, user equipment, etc.

The UE 1404 includes a processor 1403. The processor 1403 may be ageneral purpose single- or multi-chip microprocessor (e.g., an ARM), aspecial purpose microprocessor (e.g., a digital signal processor (DSP)),a microcontroller, a programmable gate array, etc. The processor 1403may be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU). Although just asingle processor 1403 is shown in the UE 1404 of FIG. 14, in analternative configuration, a combination of processors (e.g., an ARM andDSP) could be used.

The UE 1404 also includes memory 1405. The memory 1405 may be anyelectronic component capable of storing electronic information. Thememory 1405 may be embodied as random access memory (RAM), read onlymemory (ROM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flashmemory devices in RAM, on-board memory included with the processor,EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, and so forth, includingcombinations thereof.

Data 1409 and instructions 1407 may be stored in the memory 1405. Theinstructions 1407 may be executable by the processor 1403 to implementthe methods disclosed herein. Executing the instructions 1407 mayinvolve the use of the data 1409 that is stored in the memory 1405. Whenthe processor 1403 executes the instructions 1407, various portions ofthe instructions 1407 a may be loaded onto the processor 1403, andvarious pieces of data 1409 a may be loaded onto the processor 1403.

The UE 1404 may also include a transmitter 1411 and a receiver 1413 toallow transmission and reception of signals to and from the UE 1404. Thetransmitter 1411 and receiver 1413 may be collectively referred to as atransceiver 1415. An antenna 1417 may be electrically coupled to thetransceiver 1415. The UE 1404 may also include (not shown) multipletransmitters, multiple receivers, multiple transceivers and/or multipleantennas.

The various components of the UE 1404 may be coupled together by one ormore buses, which may include a power bus, a control signal bus, astatus signal bus, a data bus, etc. For the sake of clarity, the variousbuses are illustrated in FIG. 14 as a bus system 1419.

FIG. 15 illustrates certain components that may be included within aneNB 1502. An eNB 1502 may be a base station. For example, the eNB may bethe central base station in a 3GPP LTE wireless communication system. Asanother example, the eNB 1502 may be an HeNB 110 for use in a 3GPP LTEwireless communication system.

The eNB 1502 includes a processor 1503. The processor 1503 may be ageneral purpose single- or multi-chip microprocessor (e.g., an ARM), aspecial purpose microprocessor (e.g., a digital signal processor (DSP)),a microcontroller, a programmable gate array, etc. The processor 1503may be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU). Although just asingle processor 1503 is shown in the eNB 1502 of FIG. 15, in analternative configuration, a combination of processors (e.g., an ARM andDSP) could be used.

The eNB 1502 also includes memory 1505. The memory 1505 may be anyelectronic component capable of storing electronic information. Thememory 1505 may be embodied as random access memory (RAM), read onlymemory (ROM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flashmemory devices in RAM, on-board memory included with the processor,EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, and so forth, includingcombinations thereof.

Data 1509 and instructions 1507 may be stored in the memory 1505. Theinstructions 1507 may be executable by the processor 1503 to implementthe methods disclosed herein. Executing the instructions 1507 mayinvolve the use of the data 1509 that is stored in the memory 1505. Whenthe processor 1503 executes the instructions 1507, various portions ofthe instructions 1507 a may be loaded onto the processor 1503, andvarious pieces of data 1509 a may be loaded onto the processor 1503.

The eNB 1502 may also include a transmitter 1511 and a receiver 1513 toallow transmission and reception of signals to and from the eNB 1502.The transmitter 1511 and receiver 1513 may be collectively referred toas a transceiver 1515. An antenna 1517 may be electrically coupled tothe transceiver 1515. The eNB 1502 may also include (not shown) multipletransmitters, multiple receivers, multiple transceivers and/or multipleantennas.

The various components of the eNB 1502 may be coupled together by one ormore buses, which may include a power bus, a control signal bus, astatus signal bus, a data bus, etc. For the sake of clarity, the variousbuses are illustrated in FIG. 15 as a bus system 1519.

The term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and,therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing,deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, adatabase or another data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also,“determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information),accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also,“determining” can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishingand the like.

The phrase “based on” does not mean “based only on,” unless expresslyspecified otherwise. In other words, the phrase “based on” describesboth “based only on” and “based at least on.”

The term “processor” should be interpreted broadly to encompass ageneral purpose processor, a central processing unit (CPU), amicroprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a controller, amicrocontroller, a state machine, and so forth. Under somecircumstances, a “processor” may refer to an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), etc. The term “processor” may refer to acombination of processing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and amicroprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or moremicroprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration.

The term “memory” should be interpreted broadly to encompass anyelectronic component capable of storing electronic information. The termmemory may refer to various types of processor-readable media such asrandom access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile randomaccess memory (NVRAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasableprogrammable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM(EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage, registers,etc. Memory is said to be in electronic communication with a processorif the processor can read information from and/or write information tothe memory. Memory that is integral to a processor is in electroniccommunication with the processor.

The terms “instructions” and “code” should be interpreted broadly toinclude any type of computer-readable statement(s). For example, theterms “instructions” and “code” may refer to one or more programs,routines, sub-routines, functions, procedures, etc. “Instructions” and“code” may comprise a single computer-readable statement or manycomputer-readable statements.

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software,firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, thefunctions may be stored as one or more instructions on acomputer-readable medium. The terms “computer-readable medium” or“computer-program product” refers to any available medium that can beaccessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, acomputer-readable medium may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or otheroptical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storagedevices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desiredprogram code in the form of instructions or data structures and that canbe accessed by a computer. Disk and disc, as used herein, includescompact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc(DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray® disc where disks usually reproduce datamagnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.

Software or instructions may also be transmitted over a transmissionmedium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website,server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologiessuch as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiberoptic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such asinfrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition oftransmission medium.

The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions forachieving the described method. The method steps and/or actions may beinterchanged with one another without departing from the scope of theclaims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions isrequired for proper operation of the method that is being described, theorder and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modifiedwithout departing from the scope of the claims.

Further, it should be appreciated that modules and/or other appropriatemeans for performing the methods and techniques described herein, suchas those illustrated by FIGS. 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10, can be downloadedand/or otherwise obtained by a device. For example, a device may becoupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performingthe methods described herein. Alternatively, various methods describedherein can be provided via a storage means (e.g., random access memory(RAM), read only memory (ROM), a physical storage medium such as acompact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.), such that a device may obtainthe various methods upon coupling or providing the storage means to thedevice. Moreover, any other suitable technique for providing the methodsand techniques described herein to a device can be utilized.

It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the preciseconfiguration and components illustrated above. Various modifications,changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation anddetails of the systems, methods, and apparatus described herein withoutdeparting from the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method operable by a semi-autonomous basestation, comprising: reserving a portion of bandwidth for a userequipment; sending notification of the reserved portion of bandwidth toat least one potentially interfering base station; performing a dataexchange with the user equipment using the reserved portion ofbandwidth; and sending notification to the at least one potentiallyinterfering base station releasing the reserved portion of bandwidth. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the notification releasing the reservedportion of bandwidth is sent when the data exchange with the userequipment has stopped.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein thenotification releasing the reserved portion of bandwidth is sent whenthe user equipment enters idle mode.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereinthe at least one potentially interfering base station is identifiedthrough a self organizing network server.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the semi-autonomous base station communicates with the at leastone potentially interfering base station through a backhaul connection.6. The method of claim 1, wherein the semi-autonomous base stationcommunicates with the at least one potentially interfering base stationthrough an X2 link.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least onepotentially interfering base station comprises another H semi-autonomousbase station.
 8. A method operable by a user equipment, comprising:measuring a received signal strength for a semi-autonomous base station;preparing a measurement report, wherein the measurement report includesthe received signal strength for the semi-autonomous base station; andsending the measurement report to a first base station.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the semi-autonomous base station is a restrictedsemi-autonomous base station, and wherein the user equipment does notbelong to a closed subscriber group for the semi-autonomous basestation.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first base station isthe semi-autonomous base station, and further comprising: performing areselection to the semi-autonomous base station; performing accessprocedures with the semi-autonomous base station for a first time;registering with a mobility management entity; receiving a page from themobility management entity; and performing access procedures with thesemi-autonomous base station for a second time, wherein the userequipment performs access procedures with the semi-autonomous basestation for the second time before sending the measurement report to thesemi-autonomous base station.
 11. The method of claim 10, whereinperforming a reselection to the semi-autonomous base station occursbecause downlink signals from the semi-autonomous base station areinterfering with downlink signals from a second base station.
 12. Themethod of claim 11, further comprising performing access procedures withthe second base station.
 13. A semi-autonomous base station comprising:a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor;instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable bythe processor to: reserve a portion of bandwidth for a user equipment;send notification of the reserved portion of bandwidth to at least onepotentially interfering base station; perform a data exchange with theuser equipment using the reserved portion of bandwidth; and sendnotification to the potentially interfering base stations releasing thereserved portion of bandwidth.
 14. The semi-autonomous base station ofclaim 13, wherein the notification releasing the reserved portion ofbandwidth is sent when the data exchange with the user equipment hasstopped.
 15. The semi-autonomous base station of claim 13, wherein thenotification releasing the reserved portion of bandwidth is sent whenthe user equipment enters idle mode.
 16. The semi-autonomous basestation of claim 13, wherein the at least one potentially interferingbase station is identified through a self organizing network (SON)server.
 17. The semi-autonomous base station of claim 13, wherein thesemi-autonomous base station communicates with the at least onepotentially interfering base station through a backhaul connection. 18.The semi-autonomous base station of claim 13, wherein thesemi-autonomous base station communicates with the at least onepotentially interfering base station through an X2 link.
 19. Thesemi-autonomous base station of claim 13, wherein the at least onepotentially interfering base station comprises another semi-autonomousbase station.
 20. A user equipment comprising: a processor; memory inelectronic communication with the processor; instructions stored in thememory, the instructions being executable by the processor to: measure areceived signal strength for a semi-autonomous base station; prepare ameasurement report, wherein the measurement report includes the receivedsignal strength for the semi-autonomous base station; and send themeasurement report to a first base station.
 21. The user equipment ofclaim 20, wherein the semi-autonomous base station is a restrictedsemi-autonomous base station, and wherein the user equipment does notbelong to a closed subscriber group for the semi-autonomous basestation.
 22. The user equipment of claim 21, wherein the first basestation is the semi-autonomous base station, and wherein theinstructions are further executable to: perform a reselection to thesemi-autonomous base station; perform access procedures with thesemi-autonomous base station for a first time; register with a mobilitymanagement entity; receive a page from the mobility management entity;and perform access procedures with the semi-autonomous base station fora second time, wherein the user equipment performs access procedureswith the semi-autonomous base station for the second time before sendingthe measurement report to the semi-autonomous base station.
 23. The userequipment of claim 22, wherein performing a reselection to thesemi-autonomous base station occurs because downlink signals from thesemi-autonomous base station are interfering with downlink signals froma second base station.
 24. The user equipment of claim 23, wherein theinstructions are further executable to perform access procedures withthe second base station.
 25. An apparatus comprising: means forreserving a portion of bandwidth for a user equipment; means for sendingnotification of the reserved portion of bandwidth to at least onepotentially interfering base station; means for performing a dataexchange with the user equipment using the reserved portion ofbandwidth; and means for sending notification to the at least onepotentially interfering base station releasing the reserved portion ofbandwidth.
 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the notificationreleasing the reserved portion of bandwidth is sent when the dataexchange with the base station has stopped.
 27. The apparatus of claim25, wherein the at least one potentially interfering base station isidentified through a self organizing network server.
 28. An apparatus,comprising: means for measuring a received signal strength for asemi-autonomous base station; means for preparing a measurement report,wherein the measurement report includes the received signal strength forthe semi-autonomous base station; and means for sending the measurementreport to a first base station.
 29. The apparatus of claim 28, whereinthe first base station is the semi-autonomous base station, and furthercomprising: means for performing a reselection to the semi-autonomousbase station; means for performing access procedures with thesemi-autonomous base station for a first time; means for registeringwith a mobility management entity; means for receiving a page from themobility management entity; and means for performing access procedureswith the semi-autonomous base station for a second time, wherein theuser equipment performs access procedures with the semi-autonomous basestation for the second time before sending the measurement report to thesemi-autonomous base station.